What is OSTEOPOROSIS?

Osteoporosis is a common condition in which bone thinning occurs, raising the risk of fracture. It is more common in women. Risk factors include advanced age, Caucasian or Asian background, menopause, history of parents with hip fracture, and prior fracture from a low trauma injury. Osteoporosis can also occur as a side effect of certain medications. Smoking and alcohol use, anorexia, low vitamin-D, or calcium are also contributors.

SYMPTOMS

There are no typical symptoms from osteoporosis. In fact most people discover it after a fracture. The most common locations for fractures are the spine, hip and wrist. A painless, non-invasive test called a DEXA scan can be done to determine bone mineral density, to screen for osteoporosis.

TREATMENT

Patients with osteoporosis should get adequate calcium and vitamin-D through diet or supplements. They should perform regular weight-bearing activities. To slow loss of bone mass and prevent fractures, medications may be needed. The most common treatment category is bisphosphonates. These anti-resorptive drugs include alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate and zoledronic acid.  Other treatments available include teriparatide, abaloperitide and denosumab.

Fall prevention is also important for patients with osteoporosis. This includes using a cane or walker, securing loose cables and removing throw rugs at home. Grab bars and non-skid bath mats in the bathroom may prevent falls. Avoiding lifting heavy items, wearing sturdy shoes and performing regular exercises to improve balance may also help. Other lifestyle changes are to take in enough calcium and vitamin-D, avoid smoking and excessive alcohol use, stay physically active with weight-bearing activities such as walking.